Job costing is the foundation of construction accounting and where most problems start. Every expense needs to connect to a specific project: labor hours, materials, equipment usage, subcontractor invoices. When costs aren’t tracked to jobs accurately, you can’t tell which projects made money and which ones lost it. You might show a profit overall while one job quietly bleeds cash.

The timing mismatch between costs and revenue creates constant cash flow pressure. You buy materials and pay labor before you bill. Progress billing helps, but you’re still floating significant amounts. Add retention holdbacks of 5% to 10% that you won’t collect for months or years after the job completes, and your receivables grow while your bank account doesn’t match your profit.

Work in progress accounting trips up many construction companies. You need to recognize revenue based on project completion, not just when you bill. This requires tracking estimated costs against actual costs and calculating the percentage complete. Get this wrong and your financial statements show either inflated profits on incomplete jobs or understated revenue on nearly finished work.

Change orders complicate everything. When scope changes mid-project, you need to update estimates, adjust the contract value, and track additional costs separately. Many contractors don’t document change orders properly in their accounting system, which makes it impossible to know if the extra work was profitable or if you just absorbed the cost.

Subcontractor management adds another layer. You’re tracking multiple 1099 vendors per project, verifying insurance certificates, processing lien waivers, and managing payment applications. Miss a lien waiver and you risk paying twice. Fail to issue 1099s correctly and you’re facing IRS penalties.

Equipment accounting requires tracking depreciation, maintenance costs, and utilization across jobs. Some contractors own equipment outright while renting additional pieces for specific projects. Allocating these costs to the right jobs requires systems that most general accounting setups don’t handle well.

Certified payroll for government projects demands precise documentation of hours, wages, and benefits. The reporting requirements are strict, and errors can disqualify you from future bids or trigger audits.

Most construction companies outgrow basic bookkeeping quickly. The financial complexity requires someone who understands job cost reports, WIP schedules, and the relationship between your billing and your actual project performance. A Boca Raton fractional CFO with construction experience can help you build the systems and reporting needed to actually understand which jobs and which types of work make you money.